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The Data Files on the DSID website are updated and released when new study data are available. Below is information on each release since 2009, including the focus of each release and citations.
In release 1, the DSID reported analytically derived estimates of vitamin and mineral content for adult multivitamin/mineral (MVM) dietary supplements (DS). For the first time, a national sampling of adult MVMs was conducted for the purpose of comparing the analytical content to labeled levels for ingredients of public health importance. Mean percent differences from labeled values for each of 18 ingredients were derived statistically by regression analysis after laboratory testing of multiple lots of 109 nationally representative adult MVMs. Mean predicted percent differences from label and measures of variability were reported and the data were linked to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dietary supplement files. An online calculator was also released.
In release 1, the DSID reported analytically derived estimates of vitamin and mineral content for adult multivitamin/mineral (MVM) dietary supplements (DS). For the first time, a national sampling of adult MVMs was conducted for the purpose of comparing the analytical content to labeled levels for ingredients of public health importance. Mean percent differences from labeled values for each of 18 ingredients were derived statistically by regression analysis after laboratory testing of multiple lots of 109 nationally representative adult MVMs. Mean predicted percent differences from label and measures of variability were reported and the data were linked to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dietary supplement files. An online calculator was also released.
In release 2, results for analytically derived estimates of ingredient content in children's MVM were released for the first time. Mean percent differences from labeled values for each of 16 ingredients were derived statistically by regression analysis after laboratory testing of multiple lots of 66 nationally representative children's MVMs. Mean predicted percent differences from label and measures of variability were reported and the data were linked to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dietary supplement files. Online calculators for two children's age groups were released.
In addition, the adult MVM data were updated. MAFCL made adjustments to analytical data received from laboratories for thiamin and vitamin B-6, and collaborated with a consultant statistician to optimize and update the statistical evaluation of the adult MVM results.
In release 2, the changes to the regression equations and release files for adult MVMs included the following:
In release 3, results for the analytically derived estimates of ingredient content for non-prescription prenatal MVMs and omega-3 fatty acid supplements were released for the first time. Mean percent differences from labeled values for 20 ingredients were derived statistically by regression analysis after laboratory testing of multiple lots of 71 nationally representative non-prescription prenatal MVMs. For the omega-3 fatty acid study, multiple lots of 84 representative DS were tested for their individual omega-3 fatty acid content. For both studies, mean predicted percent differences from label and measures of variability were reported and the data were linked to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dietary supplement files. In addition, the adult and children's MVM data and application files were updated.
The DSID-3 results replaced the information that was released in DSID-2. An optimized statistical procedure for regression analyses produced changes in the best-fit regression equations and the dependence of the predicted percent differences on label level. The best-fit model has changed from a linear to a mean model for the majority of ingredients including folic acid, riboflavin, vitamin B-12, vitamin C and E, copper, iodine, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, and selenium. The models for the remaining nutrients remain the same. However, the changes in predicted percent differences for all ingredients at the most common levels were negligible. Using absolute values for (DSID-3)-(DSID-2) differences, the mean ± SD changes in predicted percent differences from label for vitamins and minerals are 0.44±0.43% and 0.49±0.57%, respectively.
The DSID-3 results replace the information that was released in DSID-2. Optimized statistical procedure for regression analyses produced changes in the best fit regression equations and the dependence of the predicted percent differences on label level.
For the children's MVMs with serving sizes for ages 1 to < 4, the best fit model has changed from linear or quadratic to a mean model for 10 ingredients including folic acid, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin A, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, copper, iron, magnesium. The models for the remaining nutrients remain the same. However, the changes in predicted percent differences for all ingredients at the most common levels were negligible. Using absolute values for (DSID-3)-(DSID-2) differences, the mean ± SD changes in predicted percent differences from label for vitamins and minerals are 2.1±1.6% and 1.1±1.1%, respectively.
Compared with DSID-2, the regression label range in DSID-3 was expanded for 9 out of 18 ingredients in adult MVMs, and for 8 out of 16 ingredients in children's MVMs with serving sizes for ages 4 and older (either to higher label level or lower label level, or in both directions). These ingredients include riboflavin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, vitamin E, copper, iodine, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc in adult MVMs, and folic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin B-12, vitamin E, iron, magnesium, and phosphorus in the children's MVMs with serving sizes for ages 4 and older. DSID-3 had 2.2% more adult MVM NHANES supplements linked than in DSID-2 and 52.3% more children's MVM NHANES supplements linked than in DSID-2.
Three product categories added a total of six NHANES cycles to the DSID application tables for the first time. The children's MVMs reported in NHANES 2009-10 were linked to analytically derived vitamin and mineral content in DSID-3. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements with labeled fatty acid levels for EPA, DHA or ALA reported in NHANES 2005-06, 2007-08 and 2009-10 were linked to analytical estimates. Non-prescription prenatal MVMs reported in NHANES 2007-08 and 2009-10 were linked to analytically derived vitamin and mineral contents released in DSID-3 for the first time.
In DSID-3, the number of NHANES labeled ingredient values linked in the data files increased by 15.3% overall, including a 4.1% increase for adult MVM supplements (from 19,775 to 20,584) and a 48.9% increase for children's MVMs (from 2,568 to 3,824) as compared with DSID-2. Also, 672 NHANES non-prescription prenatal labeled ingredient values and 673 NHANES omega-3 fatty acid label values are linked to analytical estimates for the first time in DSID-3.
Release 4 of the DSID debuts a new look for the website, with easy navigation for users interested in specific categories of dietary supplements (DS) and major improvements in web page content and design. In this release, we expanded the DSID to include botanical DS for the first time, with pilot study results for 32 green tea DS and data tables of constituent content. We reported on our second national study of adult MVMs (adult MVM-2017), with national estimates of ingredient content for vitamin A, vitamin D and chromium for the first time, new application tables and a new online calculator. In addition, a calculator function was added for the omega-3 fatty acid DS estimates, and additional DSID application tables were provided for non-prescription prenatal MVMs.
The adult MVM-2017 study was initiated to answer questions about how the adult MVM label information and ingredient levels change over time. Vitamins A and D, and chromium were added to the DSID for this product category. For the adult MVM-2017 study, mean percent differences from labeled values for 21 ingredients were derived statistically by regression analysis after laboratory testing of multiple lots of 124 nationally representative adult MVMs. Mean estimates and measures of variability were reported and tables with predicted mean estimates and DSID linking codes were applied to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014 DS files.
An online, interactive, Adult MVM-2017 Calculator has been released with DSID-4. This calculator allows the user to enter ingredient information from MVM labels and generate the appropriate predicted mean values, standard errors (SE) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for those labeled levels. The adult MVM-2017 calculator is based on the chemical analysis of products purchased in 2011, and so provides more current data than the calculator with results from the first adult MVM (adult MVM-2009) study (products purchased 2006-07). The adult MVM-2009 calculator is still available on the DSID website and can be used for historical data or trends analysis.
The children's MVM calculators were updated to include 95% CI information for predicted mean values. Vitamin E data for children's MVMs with serving sizes for ages 1 to < 4, were added to the data files and the children's MVM online calculator.
The non-prescription prenatal MVM calculator was updated to include 95% CI information for predicted mean values.
An online interactive omega-3 fatty acid DS calculator was added with mean estimates and measures of variability for omega-3 fatty acid supplements that have labeled levels for ALA, DHA and/or EPA.
Two product categories added DSID linking codes and predicted estimates for four NHANES cycles. Analytical estimates for vitamins and minerals in adult MVM supplements are now applied to products reported in NHANES 2009-10, 2011-12 and 2013-14. The non-prescription prenatal MVMs reported in NHANES 2011-12 were linked to analytically derived vitamin and mineral content in DSID-4.
Release 4.1 of the DSID has a modernized design and layout based on the United States Web Design System.
The purpose of Release 4.1 is to enhance the site’s structure, accessibility, and usability in preparation for Release 5, which will include new studies and data files.
Release 4.1 includes a new data tool, “Search Ingredients Across Studies”, to visualize ingredient level data across multiple DSID studies.
Additionally, Release 4.1 includes updated calculators that provide visual comparisons for predicted mean levels of ingredients and the ability to save results to Excel.
The upcoming Release 5 will expand DSID to include three new studies: Prescription Prenatal Multivitamin/Minerals, Green Tea—Multiple Ingredient, and Turmeric. Release 5 will also include updated data files for previous DSID national studies and an Application Programming Interface (API) that will provide access to data on the amounts of select ingredients in commonly consumed categories of dietary supplements.
Below are citations for each DSID release. These include credits to the researchers and partners who made the release possible.
Andrews, K.W., Dang, P.T., McNeal, M., Gusev, P.A., Savarala, S., Oh, L., Atkinson, R., Pehrsson, P.R., Douglass, L., Dwyer, J.T., Saldanha, L.G., Betz, J.M., Costello, R.B., Coates, P.M. US Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID); release 5.0, August 2024. Available from: https://dsid.usda.nih.gov/
Andrews, K.W., Dang, P.T., McNeal, M., Gusev, P.A., Savarala, S., Oh, L., Atkinson, R., Pehrsson, P.R., Douglass, L., Dwyer, J.T., Saldanha, L.G., Betz, J.M., Costello, R.B., Coates, P.M. US Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID); release 4.0, August 2017. Available from: https://dsid.usda.nih.gov/
Andrews, K.W., Palachuvattil, J.M., Gusev, P.A., Dang, P.T., Savarala, S., Han, F., Pehrsson, P.R., Douglass. L.W., Dwyer, J.T., Saldanha, L.G., Betz, J.M., Costello, R.B., Bailey, R.L., Coates, P.M. US Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID); release 3.0, March 2015
Andrews, K.W., Roseland, J.M., Holden, J.M., Middleton, A., Solomon, A., Palachuvattil, J.M., Dwyer, J.T., Coates, P.M., Saldanha, L.G., Bailey, R.L. US Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID); release 2.0, March 2012
Andrews, K.W., Roseland, J.M., Zhao, C., Feinberg, M., Middleton, A., Holden, J.M., Douglass, L.W., Dwyer, J.T., Picciano, M.F., Fisher, K., Saldanha, L.G., Yetley, E. US Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID); release 1.0, April 2009
